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Radiation resistance

Ohm’s definition of resistance is given as $R=V/I$, so resistance is a ratio of the voltage and current. So the power of an Ohmic circuit

$$ P = VI = I^2R = \frac{V^2}{R} $$

and in case of alternating current, we have to average over time to get the power which, for sinusoidal currents, become

$$ \langle P\rangle = \langle I^2\rangle R = \frac{I_0^2R}{2} $$

because for sinusoidal currents, $\langle I^2\rangle = I_0^2/2$ which gives the definition of the radiation resistance of an antenna

$$ R \equiv \frac{2\langle P\rangle}{I_0^2} = \frac{2\pi^2}{3c} \left(\frac{l}{\lambda}\right)^2 $$

where the time-averaged power of a dipole antenna has been replaced by its full form.

Impedance of free space

The radiation resistance of free space can be found by using the definition of Poynting flux in Gaussian units:

$$ S = \frac{c}{4\pi} E^2 = \frac{cV^2}{4\pi l^2} = \frac{V^2}{R_0 l^2} $$

because $E=V/l$ and the impedance of free space

$$ R_0 = \frac{4\pi}{c} = \frac{1}{c\epsilon_0} = 377 \ \Omega $$

because $\epsilon_0=1/(4\pi)$ has to be used while converting from Gaussian to SI units. The definition of impedance of free space has to be this because $P=V^2/R$ which entails $S=V^2/(Rl^2)$ because flux is power per unit area.

A black hole has the same radiation resistance as free space because it is a perfect absorber. So a black hole totating in an external magnetic field can generate electricity with $V/I$ ratio of 377 $\Omega$ which might power the jets of a quasar.

un/radiation-resistance.txt · Last modified: 2024/06/30 05:07 by asad

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